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Dr wen jing gao ny1/13/2024 ![]() ![]() Thus, metabolic engineering strategies were made to de novo synthesize 2-phenylethanol from cheaper substrate, which represented a more economic approach. Several microorganisms could naturally produce 2-phenylethanol from cheaper carbon substrate such as glucose but at relatively low concentration. found that the styrene-derived pathway for producing 2-phenylethanol from L-phenylalanine through deamination, decarboxylation, epoxidation, isomerization, and reduction is more efficient and exhibits higher productivity compared to the Ehrlich pathway. After introducing a self-sufficient cofactor system, the maximum conversion ratios of 95% and 88% were achieved for S. Ehrlich pathway is the most important pathway in which L-phenylalanine is converted to 2-phenylethanol through a three-step enzymatic reaction including transamination, decarboxylation, and reduction. Consumers' preference for “natural” products and the demand for environment-friendly processes have promoted a biotechnological process for 2-phenylethanol production, which is at present considered the most commercially viable route.Ģ-Phenylethanol can be transformed from L-phenylalanine via the Ehrlich pathway and the styrene-derived pathway using two main types of microbial cell factories (including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli). The US and European food agencies stipulate that flavors obtained from the biotechnological process are regarded as “natural” products if the used feedstocks are of natural origin. At present, 2-phenylethanol is also produced by chemical synthesis with advantages in yield and cost (about US$ 5 per kilo) yet, this method requires high temperature since some toxic by-products seriously lower the product quality. However, the low concentration of 2-phenylethanol in these plants makes the extraction process costly, thereby restricting the availability. Natural 2-phenylethanol (about US$ 1000 per kilo) is traditionally extracted from the flower essential oils, such as rose essential oil, lily essential oil, and jasmine essential oil. For example, 2-phenylethanol represents a specific aromatic alcohol with a rose-like smell utilized as a flavor ingredient in the cosmetic and food industries. Graphical AbstractĪromatic compounds are a very important class of fine chemicals with a broad market prospect. This work supplied a promising route for commodity 2-phenylethanol bioproduction from nonfood lignocellulosic feedstock. glutamicum strain for the de novo production of 2-phenylethanol from corn stalk hydrolysate. ![]() In this study, we established and validated an efficient C. This engineered strain CGPE15 also accumulated 3.28 g/L 2-phenylethanol from stalk hydrolysate. coli, 3.55 g/L 2-phenylethanol was produced by the engineered strain CGPE15 with a yield of 0.06 g/g xylose, which was 10% higher than that with glucose. After introducing a xylose assimilation pathway from Xanthomonas campestris and a xylose transporter from E. Furthermore, overexpression of key genes ( aroG fbr, pheA fbr, aroA, ppsA and tkt) involved in the phenylpyruvate pathway increased 2-phenylethanol titer to 3.23 g/L with a yield of 0.05 g/g glucose. Encoding 2-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase originating from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the yahK encoding alcohol dehydrogenase originating from E. ![]() glutamicum CALE1 achieved 2-phenylethanol production, while combined expression of the aro10. Introduction of a heterologous Ehrlich pathway into the evolved phenylalanine-producing C. glutamicum to 2-phenylethanol toxicity revealed that this host was more tolerant than Escherichia coli. ResultsĬorynebacterium glutamicum with inherent tolerance to aromatic compounds was modified for the production of 2-phenylethanol from glucose and xylose. Yet, high 2-phenylethanol cytotoxicity remains an issue during the bioproduction process. The preference of consumers for “natural” products and the demand for environmental-friendly processes have promoted biotechnological processes for 2-phenylethanol production. At present, 2-phenylethanol is mainly produced by chemical synthesis. 2-Phenylethanol is a specific aromatic alcohol with a rose-like smell, which has been widely used in the cosmetic and food industries. ![]()
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